Another research using surface EMG for endurance test on myofascial pain demonstrated that amplitudes of EMG activity increased and mean power frequency decreased with time. In surface electromyographic (EMG) studies performed by Headley, it was found that muscles with active MTrPs beginning fatigue, exhausting sooner, and recovering later than normal muscles. After treating the MTrPs and releasing the taut band, the ROM can be returned to original status. Painful contraction can be also noted when performing test of fixed resistance. Since the tension of involved muscle fibers has been increased even at rest, stretching the muscle beyond limitation can produce severe pain. To investigate the pain, research of MacDonald showed that muscles with active MTrPs have restricted passive ROM. Local ischemia and hypoxia can induce secretion of sensitizing substances to cause pain and release abnormal acetylcholine resulting in a vicious cycle. It will make the muscle contract continually with regional sarcomere shortening and then blocks the supplements of nutrition and oxygen moreover. When energy crisis occurs, ischemic tissues lack adenosine triphosphate to promote calcium pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In this condition, the sarcomeres in the endplate zone will contract continually and form the contraction knot in the endplate zone and the taut band in the whole muscle fiber, the pain threshold of nociceptors will be decreased, and the symptoms become severe. An MTrP contains multiple sensitive loci suspected as nociceptors and active loci in neuromuscular junctions activated with excessive acetylcholine leakage even under relaxation in the nonendplate zone. An MTrP is composed of multiple contraction knots with sarcomeres overcontracture and increased diameter of that muscle. In the hypothesis of MTrP as energy crisis postulated by Simons and Travell, they have considered “excessive acetylcholine releasing,” “sarcomere shortening,” and “increasing of sensitizing substances” as the three essential characters for the formation of MTrP. Therefore, it is suggested that KT method can be used as a regular treatment or added to the previous treatment for myofascial pain. It appears that the KT application can elevate the subcutaneous space and then increase the blood circulation and lymph fluid drainage to reduce the chemical factors around the MTrP region. In this paper, we review the research studies on the application to KT in treating MPS and other related issues. Recently, the Kinesio Taping (KT) method is popularly used in sports injuries, postoperative complications, and various pain problems, but little research is focused on MPS with KT method. However, the pain syndrome may not be relieved even under multiple therapies. Traditional treatments of MPS include stretching therapy, thermal treatment, electrical stimulation, massage, manipulation, trigger points injection, acupuncture, and medicine. In the MTrP region, nociceptors can be sensitized by the peripheral inflammatory factors and contracture of fascia can also be induced. Muscle spasm and block of blood circulation can be noticed in the taut bands. Fan/web tape application is used in a similar way to the X tape however, the one end remains intact while the other end spreads out in a fan-shape across the muscle.Many people continue suffering from myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) defined as a regional pain syndrome characterized by muscle pain caused by myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) clinically.For example, it can be used on the rhomboids (upper back and shoulder). The tape will move with the muscle providing continued support. This is used when the origin and alignment of the muscle changes with movement. X tape application is when the tape forms an X shape across the affected muscle.In this case, you place a single strip of tape along the target muscle in a straight line. I tape application is used for acute injuries and helps with alignment corrections.The tape should be slightly longer than the target muscle. This is used to surround the target muscle and can either inhibit or facilitate muscle stimuli.
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